Kwimveliso ye-alamu yokhuseleko ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-CE, i-FCC, i-RoHS, i-UL, i-EN 50291-1, kunye ne-EN 50291-2 zihlala zikhankanywa kunye. Nangona kunjalo, zijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukufikelela kwimarike, ukuphazamiseka kwerediyo, ukuthotyelwa kwezixhobo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lwemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kwe-alamu ye-carbon monoxide. Iinkampani kufuneka zimisele iimfuno zokuthobela ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo, imisebenzi yemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo.

Mna. Zeziphi iingxaki ezijongwa zezi mfuno zintandathu?

I-CE: Imisela ukuba imveliso iyahambelana na nomthetho we-European Union osebenzayo kwaye ingafakwa kwimarike kwi-EU nakwi-European Economic Area.

I-FCC: Ijongana nokuba imveliso ye-elektroniki okanye engenazingcingo inokubangela ukuphazamiseka okuyingozi kwerediyo kunye nokuba iyahambelana na neemfuno zezixhobo zerediyo zaseMelika.

I-RoHS: Ijongana nokuba izinto ezinobungozi ezithintelweyo kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye nezinto zazo ziyahambelana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo ze-EU.

I-UL: Ijongana nokuba imveliso iyahambelana nomgangatho othile wokhuseleko okanye wokusebenza kwaye igqibile uvavanyo, uvavanyo, kunye nesatifikethi somntu wesithathu.

I-EN 50291-1: Ijongana nokusebenza kokufumanisa, ukusebenza kwe-alamu, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kwee-alamu ze-carbon monoxide ezisetyenziswa emakhayeni nakwiindawo ezifanayo zasekhaya.

I-EN 50291-2: Ijongana nokusebenza kwee-alamu ze-carbon monoxide ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo eziphathwayo ezifana neemotorhomes, izithuthi zokuzonwabisa, kunye neenqwelo-moya zokuzonwabisa.

Ezi mfuno zezeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuthobela imithetho kwaye kufuneka zijongwane nazo ngokwahlukeneyo ngokwemveliso yokwenyani kunye nemakethi ekujoliswe kuyo.

II. CE: Ukufikelela kwiMarike yaseYurophu kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMveliso iyonke

2.1 Yintoni i-CE?

I-CE luphawu lokuhambelana olusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwisakhelo sokuthobela imveliso ye-European Union. Ngokuncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE, umenzi uvakalisa ukuba imveliso iyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho ze-EU ezifanelekileyo kwaye uvavanyo lokuhambelana olufunekayo, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha, kunye neSibhengezo sokuhambelana kwe-EU zigqityiwe.

I-CE ayilovavanyo olunye okanye isatifikethi esiqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iimveliso. Yinkqubo epheleleyo yokuthobela imithetho yemarike.

2.2 Idla ngokubandakanya ntoni inkqubo yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE?

1. Ukuchonga umthetho osebenzayo we-EU kunye nemigangatho ehambelanayo;

2.Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwemveliso, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye nalo naluphi na uvavanyo lokuhambelana olufunekayo;

3. Ukulungiselela amaxwebhu obuchwephesha, iilebheli, imiyalelo, kunye nolwazi lokulandelelwa;

4.Ukutyikitya iSibhengezo sokuVumelana ne-EU;

5. Ukufaka uphawu lwe-CE ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcina amaxwebhu okuthobela umthetho.

2.3 Ithetha ukuthini i-CE kwiimveliso ze-Alarm?

Iimveliso ze-alamu ezineBluetooth, iWi-Fi, iZigbee, okanye ezinye izinto ezingenazingcingo ngokubanzi kufuneka zihlolwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-radio-spectrum, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Kwii-alamu ze-elektroniki ezingenazo izinto ezingenazingcingo, iimfuno ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zimiselwe ngokuhambelana nombane, i-voltage yokusebenza, kunye nolwakhiwo lwemveliso.

I-CE ikakhulu ijongana nokuthotyelwa komthetho ngokubanzi kwimarike yaseYurophu. Yona yodwa, ayibonisi ukuba i-alamu yomsi okanye i-alamu ye-carbon monoxide ihlangabezana nomgangatho ozinikeleyo wokufumanisa nokusebenza osebenzayo kuloo mveliso.

‌III. I-FCC: Ukuphazamiseka kweRadio-Frequency kwiMarike yase-US

I-FCC yiKhomishini yoNxibelelwano yeSizwe yase-United States. Isakhelo sayo sokugunyazisa izixhobo silawula amandla erediyo-frequency aveliswayo, asetyenziswayo, okanye akhutshwa zizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka okuyingozi kwezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano.

Iimveliso zokhuseleko ezihlala zingena kwiimfuno zeFCC ziquka izixhobo ezisebenzisa iWi-Fi, iBluetooth, iZigbee, unxibelelwano lwerediyo lwe-433 MHz, amasango angenazingcingo, imisebenzi yokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo, kunye noqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo.

Yintoni Eyona Ivavanywa Ngumthetho we-FCC?

1. Nokuba i-frequency yokusebenza, amandla okudlulisa, kunye ne-bandwidth ziyahambelana nemida efanelekileyo;

2. Nokuba ukukhutshwa okungeyonyani kunye ne-spectrum ehlala abantu kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemida echaziweyo;

3. Nokuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi okukhutshwe ngemitha kunye nokuqhutywayo kudlula imida efanelekileyo;

4. Nokuba isixhobo esingenazingcingo sinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okuyingozi kwezinye iinkqubo zonxibelelwano.

Ngamafutshane, ukuthobela i-FCC kujongana ikakhulu nokuba imveliso inokuphazamisana na nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Ayibonisi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-alamu inokuyibona ngokuchanekileyo na ingozi.

IV. RoHS: Izinto eziyingozi kwiimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki

I-RoHS ithintela izinto ezithile eziyingozi kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki kunye nezinto zazo. Injongo yayo kukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho yemveliso kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo ngexesha lokwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuchithwa kwayo ekupheleni kobomi.

Kwabavelisi be-alamu, i-RoHS ayisebenzi kuphela kwimveliso egqityiweyo kodwa nakwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo, iingcingo, izivalo zeplastiki, i-solder, izihlanganisi, iindawo zesinyithi, kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo rhoqo kwiinkampani?

1. Ibhili yezinto ezifunekayo kunye noluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo;

2.Izibhengezo zeRoHS zoMboneleli okanye iingxelo zovavanyo;

3. Ulwazi ngezinto zeplastiki, i-solder, iintambo, kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki;

4. Iirekhodi zolawulo lotshintsho lwezinto kunye nomthengisi;

5. Inkqubo yokulandelela ibhetshi kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho.

Ukuthobela i-RoHS kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezithintelweyo zingaphakathi kwemida efanelekileyo. Ayibonisi ukusebenza kwe-alamu, ukusebenza kwe-alamu, ukhuseleko lombane, okanye ukusebenza kwe-wireless.

V. UL: Ukhuseleko lweMveliso kunye neSatifikethi sokuSebenza kwiMigangatho ethile

Isatifikethi se-UL sixhomekeke kwimveliso nakwimigangatho ethile kunokuba sibe sisatifikethi esinye esisebenza kwimveliso nganye. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zivavanywe ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo olufanelekileyo, uvavanyo, kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa yomntu wesithathu.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yeemveliso kunye nemigangatho ye-UL ibandakanya:

1.Ii-alamu zomsi zasekhaya: UL 217;

2.Ii-alamu zekhabhoni yemonoksayidi yokuhlala: UL 2034;

3.Izixhobo zokubhaqa umsi eziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo: UL 268;

4. Ezinye izixhobo zokunxibelelana zemagnethi kunye neeswitshi ze-alamu yokugqekeza: UL 634.

‌VI. EN 50291-1: Ukusebenza kwee-alamu ze-Carbon Monoxide kwiindawo zasekhaya

I-EN 50291-1 isebenza kwizixhobo zombane zokufumanisa nokulumkisa i-carbon monoxide ezenzelwe ukusebenza rhoqo emakhayeni nakwiindawo ezifanayo zasekhaya. Ngokuyintloko ivavanya ukuba isixhobo sinokuyibona ngokuthembekileyo na i-carbon monoxide kwaye sinike i-alamu ngexesha elifanelekileyo kumanqanaba athile e-CO.

Zeziphi iiNdawo zokusebenza eziQokelelwa yi-EN 50291-1?

1. Amaxesha okuphendula kwe-alamu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-carbon monoxide;

2. Izibonakaliso ze-alamu ezivakalayo nezibonakalayo;

3. Ukusebenza kwebhetri, izilumkiso zebhetri ephantsi, kunye neempawu zempazamo;

4. Ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye nokufuma;

5. Ukumelana nokuphazamiseka okuvela kwezinye iigesi;

6. Uzinzo lwexesha elide, uphawu lwemveliso, kunye neemfuno zemiyalelo.

I-EN 50291-1 ngumgangatho othile wokusebenza kwemveliso ojongana nokuba i-alamu ye-carbon monoxide inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo na kwiindawo zasekhaya.

VII. EN 50291-2: Iialamu zeCarbon Monoxide zeZithuthi zokuzonwabisa kunye neMisebenzi yoBugcisa

I-EN 50291-2 isebenza kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-alamu ze-carbon monoxide ezenzelwe ukufakwa okusisigxina kunye nokusebenza rhoqo kwiimotorhomes, iiveni zekamper, iitreyila zokuhamba, izithuthi zokuzonwabisa, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuzonwabisa.

Ezi ndawo zinokubandakanya ukungcangcazela, ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nokufuma, iinkqubo zamandla eziphathwayo, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutsha. Ngoko ke imveliso kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ifanelekile na kwiindawo zokusebenza eziphathwayo nakwezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo.

Zeziphi iindawo eziqhele ukugutyungelwa yi-EN 50291-2?

1. Uzinzo lwe-alamu phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokufuma;

2.Iziphumo zokungcangcazela kunye nokuhambahamba kwimveliso;

3. Iindlela zokubonelela ngombane kunye nokufakela;

4. Uzinzo lwesensor yexesha elide;

5. Uphawu kunye nemiyalelo efanelekileyo kwizithuthi zokuzonwabisa okanye izinto zombane;

6. Ukuthembeka kwe-alamu kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokukhethekileyo.

I-EN 50291-2 ayilohlobo oluphezulu lwe-EN 50291-1. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwale migangatho mibini yindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuba isetyenziswe.

Isiphelo

I-CE ijongana nokuthotyelwa komthetho ngokubanzi kwimarike yaseYurophu. I-FCC ijongana nezixhobo zerediyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okungenazingcingo eMelika. I-RoHS ijongana nemida kwizinto ezinobungozi. I-UL ijongana nokhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza ngokwemigangatho ethile yemveliso. I-EN 50291-1 ijongana nokusebenza kwee-alamu ze-carbon monoxide kwiindawo zasekhaya, ngelixa i-EN 50291-2 ijongana nokusebenza kwe-alamu ye-carbon monoxide kwizithuthi zokuzonwabisa, kwiindawo ezifanayo ezihambayo, kunye neenqwelo zokuzonwabisa.

Kwabavelisi beemveliso ze-alamu yokhuseleko, ucwangciso lokuqinisekiswa kobuchwephesha kufuneka luqale ngexesha lokuchazwa nokuphuhliswa kwemveliso kwaye kufuneka lusekelwe kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo, imisebenzi yemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okucetywayo.