Ngokutsho kweNational Fire Protection Association, kukho imililo yezindlu engaphezu kwama-354,000 minyaka le, ebulala abantu abamalunga nama-2,600 kwaye yenzakalisa abantu abangaphezu kwe-11,000. Uninzi lwabantu abafa ngenxa yomlilo lwenzeka ebusuku xa abantu belele.
Indima ebalulekileyo yee-alamu zomsi ezibekwe kakuhle nezisemgangathweni icacile. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeii-alamu zomsi –i-ionization kunye ne-photoelectric. Ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kunokukunceda wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo malunga nee-alamu zomsi ukukhusela ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini lakho.
Ukufakwa kwe-ionisilumkiso somsis kwaye ii-alamu ze-photoelectric zixhomekeke kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubona imililo:
Ukufakwa kwe-ionsi-mokeaii-larms
Ukufakwa kwe-ionii-alamu zomsi ziyilwe ngendlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ziqulathe iipleyiti ezimbini ezitshajiweyo ngombane kunye negumbi elenziwe ngezinto ezisebenzisa i-radioactive ezenza umoya ohamba phakathi kweepleyiti ube yi-ion.
Iisekethe ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwebhodi zilinganisa ngenkuthalo umsinga we-ionization owenziwe lolu yilo.
Ngexesha lomlilo, amasuntswana omlilo angena kwigumbi le-ionization aze angqubane ngokuphindaphindiweyo aze adibane neemolekyuli zomoya ezine-ionized, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inani leemolekyuli zomoya ezine-ionized linciphe rhoqo.
Iisekethe ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwebhodi ziyaluva olu tshintsho kwigumbi kwaye, xa umda omiselweyo udluliwe, i-alamu iyavulwa.
Iialamu zomsi we-Photoelectric
Iialamu zomsi we-Photoelectric Zenzelwe indlela umsi ovela emlilweni otshintsha ngayo ubukhulu bokukhanya emoyeni:
Ukusasazwa kokukhanya: Uninzi lwe-photoelectricizixhobo zokubhaqa umsi sebenza ngomgaqo wokusasazeka kokukhanya. Zine-LED light beam kunye ne-photosensitive element. I-light beam ijoliswe kwindawo apho i-photosensitive element ingenakukwazi ukuyibona. Nangona kunjalo, xa amasuntswana omsi avela emlilweni engena endleleni ye-light beam, i-beam ibetha amasuntswana omsi kwaye ijike ibe yi-photosensitive element, nto leyo ebangela i-alamu.
Ukuthintela ukukhanya: Ezinye iintlobo zee-alamu ze-photoelectric zenzelwe ukujikeleza ukuthintela ukukhanya. Ezi alamu zikwaqulathe umthombo wokukhanya kunye ne-element eventistayo. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, umqadi wokukhanya uthunyelwa ngqo kwi-element. Xa amasuntswana omsi evala umqadi wokukhanya kancinci, imveliso yesixhobo eventistayo iyatshintsha ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhanya. Oku kuncipha kokukhanya kubonwa yisekethe ye-alamu kwaye kuqalise i-alamu.
Iialamu ezidibeneyo: Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeealamu ezidibeneyo. Iindidi ezininzi ezidibeneyoii-alamu zomsi faka i-ionization kunye netekhnoloji ye-photoelectric ngethemba lokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.
Ezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo zongeza ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezifana ne-infrared, i-carbon monoxide, kunye nezinzwa zobushushu, ukunceda ekufumaneni ngokuchanekileyo imililo yokwenyani kunye nokunciphisa ii-alamu zobuxoki ezibangelwa zizinto ezifana nomsi we-toaster, umphunga weshawa, njl.njl.
Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kwe-Ionization kunye ne-Iialamu zoMsi weFotoelectric
Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe yi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), i-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), kunye nabanye ukuze kuchongwe umahluko ophambili wokusebenza phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zeizixhobo zokubhaqa umsi.
Iziphumo zezi zifundo kunye neemvavanyo ngokubanzi zibonisa oku kulandelayo:
Iialamu zomsi we-Photoelectric isabela kwimililo etshayo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunezilumkiso ze-ionization (imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-50 ngokukhawuleza). Imililo etshayo ihamba kancinci kodwa ivelisa umsi omninzi kwaye yeyona nto ibulalayo kwimililo yamakhaya.
Ii-alamu zomsi ezisebenzisa i-ionization zihlala zisabela ngokukhawuleza kancinci (imizuzwana engama-30-90) kwimililo evutha ngokukhawuleza (imililo apho amalangatye asasazeka ngokukhawuleza) kunee-alamu ze-photoelectric. I-NFPA iyaqaphela ukuba ziyilwe kakuhleii-alamu zefotoelectric ngokubanzi ziphumelela kakhulu ii-alamu ze-ionization kuzo zonke iimeko zomlilo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
Ii-alamu ze-ionization azizange zibonelele ngexesha elaneleyo lokuphuma rhoqo kunokubaii-alamu zefotoelectric ngexesha lemililo etshayo.
Ii-alamu ze-ionization zibangele i-97% "yee-alamu ezibangela ingxaki"—ii-alamu zobuxoki—kwaye, ngenxa yoko, babenokukhubazeka ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zee-alamu zomsi. I-NFPA iyakuqonda okoii-alamu zomsi we-photoelectric zinenzuzo enkulu kunee-alamu ze-ionization xa zinovakalelo lwe-alamu yobuxoki.
Yeyiphi isilumkiso somsi eyona ilungileyo?
Uninzi lwabantu abafa ngenxa yomlilo alubangelwa ngamalangatye kodwa lubangelwa kukuphefumla umsi, yiyo loo nto uninzi lwabantu abafa ngenxa yomlilo—phantse isibini kwisithathu—zenzeka ngelixa abantu belele.
Ukuba kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isilumkiso somsi ezikwaziyo ukubona ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo imililo eqhumayo, evelisa umsi omninzi. Kolu didi,ii-alamu zomsi we-photoelectric ngokucacileyo zingcono kunee-alamu ze-ionization.
Ukongeza, umahluko phakathi kwe-ionization kunyeii-alamu zefotoelectric kwimililo evutha ngokukhawuleza ibonakalise ukuba ayincinci, kwaye i-NFPA yagqiba kwelokuba umgangatho ophezuluii-alamu zefotoelectric kusenokwenzeka ukuba zisebenza ngcono kunee-alamu ze-ionization.
Okokugqibela, ekubeni ii-alamu eziphazamisayo zinokubangela ukuba abantu bangasebenziizixhobo zokubhaqa umsi, zibenze bangabi namsebenzi,ii-alamu zefotoelectric Kwakhona kubonisa inzuzo kule ndawo, kuba ayichaphazeleki kakhulu zii-alamu zobuxoki kwaye ngenxa yoko ayinakwenzeka ukuba ingasebenzi.
Ngokucacileyo,ii-alamu zomsi we-photoelectric zezona zikhetho zichanekileyo, zithembekileyo, kwaye ke ngoko zikhuselekileyo, isigqibo esixhaswa yi-NFPA kunye nomkhwa onokubonwa phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nemibutho yokhuseleko lomlilo.
Kwizilumkiso ezidibeneyo, akukho nzuzo icacileyo okanye ebalulekileyo eboniweyo. I-NFPA igqibe kwelokuba iziphumo zovavanyo azizange zingqinelane nemfuneko yokufaka iteknoloji ephindwe kabini okanyeii-alamu zomsi ezisebenzisa ifotoionization, nangona kungekho nanye kwezi zinto inobungozi.
Nangona kunjalo, iNational Fire Protection Association igqibe kwelokubaii-alamu zefotoelectric Ukuba nezinye izinzwa ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-CO okanye izinzwa zobushushu, ziyayiphucula indlela yokubona umlilo kwaye zinciphisa ii-alamu zobuxoki ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2024