Njengoko iziganeko zomlilo ziqhubeka nokuba yingozi enkulu kubomi nakwimpahla kwihlabathi liphela, oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bazise imigaqo-nkqubo enyanzelekileyo efuna ukuba kufakwe ii-alamu zomsi kwiindawo zokuhlala nakwiindawo zorhwebo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngombono onzulu ngendlela amazwe ahlukeneyo asebenzisa ngayo imithetho ye-alamu yomsi.

 

Amazwe Amanyene

I-US yayililinye lamazwe okuqala ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokufakelwa kwee-alamu zomsi. Ngokutsho kweNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA), malunga nama-70% okufa okubangelwa ngumlilo kwenzeka kumakhaya angenazo ii-alamu zomsi ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, ilizwe ngalinye limisele imithetho eyalela ukufakwa kwee-alamu zomsi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

 

Izakhiwo zokuhlala

Uninzi lwamazwe ase-US lufuna ukuba kufakwe ii-alamu zomsi kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala. Umzekelo, iCalifornia iyalela ukuba ii-alamu zomsi mazibekwe kuzo zonke iindawo zokulala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye neepaseji. Izixhobo mazihambelane nemigangatho ye-UL (Underwriters Laboratories).

 

Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Iipropati zorhwebo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ze-alamu yomlilo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-NFPA 72, equka izixhobo ze-alamu yomsi.

 

Iunited kingdom

Urhulumente wase-UK ugxininisa kakhulu kukhuseleko lomlilo. Phantsi kwemithetho yokwakha, zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala nezorhwebo ezisandula ukwakhiwa kufuneka zibe nee-alamu zomsi.

 

Izakhiwo zokuhlala

Izindlu ezintsha e-UK kufuneka zibe nee-alamu zomsi ezifakwe kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu bonke kumgangatho ngamnye. Izixhobo mazihambelane neMigangatho yaseBritane (BS).

 

Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Iindawo zorhwebo ziyafuneka ukuba zifake iinkqubo ze-alamu yomlilo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-BS 5839-6. Ukugcinwa nokuvavanywa rhoqo kwezi nkqubo kuyafuneka.

 

udibano lwaseyurophu

Amazwe angamalungu e-EU aphumeze imithetho engqongqo yesilumkiso somsi ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo ye-EU, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomlilo kwizakhiwo ezintsha.

 

Izakhiwo zokuhlala

Izindlu ezintsha kumazwe e-EU kufuneka zibe nee-alamu zomsi ezifakwe kuyo yonke imigangatho kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Umzekelo, iJamani ifuna izixhobo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EN 14604.

 

Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Izakhiwo zorhwebo mazithobele i-EN 14604 kwaye kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo.

 

Ostreliya

I-Australia imisele imithetho ebanzi yokhuseleko lomlilo phantsi koMthetho wayo woLwakhiwo weSizwe. Le migaqo-nkqubo ifuna ukuba kubekho ii-alamu zomsi kuzo zonke iipropati ezintsha zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

 

Izakhiwo zokuhlala

Yonke imigangatho yezindlu ezintsha kufuneka ibandakanye ii-alamu zomsi kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngumntu wonke. Izixhobo mazihambelane ne-Australian Standard AS 3786:2014.

 

Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Iimfuneko ezifanayo ziyasebenza kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kubandakanya ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye novavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-AS 3786:2014.

 

iTshayina

I-China ikwaqinise imigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo ngoMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe, oyalela ukuba kufakwe ii-alamu zomsi kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

 

Izakhiwo zokuhlala

Kufuneka iipropati ezintsha zokuhlala ukuze kufakwe ii-alamu zomsi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kumgangatho ngamnye, ngokuhambelana nomgangatho kazwelonke we-GB 20517-2006.

 

Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Izakhiwo zorhwebo mazifake ii-alamu zomsi ezithobela i-GB 20517-2006 kwaye zenze uvavanyo lokugcinwa kunye nokusebenza rhoqo.

 

Isiphelo

Kwihlabathi liphela, oorhulumente baqinisa imithetho ephathelele ukufakwa kwe-alamu yomsi, bephucula amandla okulumkisa kwangethuba kwaye benciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nomlilo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe butshintsha kwaye imigangatho ihambela phambili, iinkqubo ze-alamu yomsi ziya kusasazeka kwaye zilungelelaniswe. Ukunamathela kule mithetho akupheleli nje ekuzalisekiseni iimfuno zomthetho kodwa kukwakhusela ubomi kunye nempahla. Amashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye kufuneka bazibophelele ekufakweni nasekugcinweni ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu.