Ii-alamu zomsi zihlala zifuneka ukuba zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo kangangeminyaka emininzi. Nangona zihlala zingasebenzi ixesha elininzi, ii-sensors zazo zangaphakathi, izinto ze-elektroniki, iibhetri, izandi, kunye namagumbi okuva umsi zihlala zisebenza okanye zikwimo yokulinda kwaye zihlala zichaphazeleka yimeko-bume engqongileyo.

Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kunye notshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu konke oku kunokuchaphazela uzinzo lokusebenza kwe-alamu yomsi. Ukuba imveliso ifanelekile na kwindawo ethile kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo yayo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zokwenyani; isiphelo akufuneki sithathwe kuvavanyo olunye olusebenzayo olwenziwe kubushushu begumbi.

1. Zithini iziphumo ezinokubakho kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu?

Xa i-alamu yomsi ivezwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ixesha elide, ibhetri yayo, izinto ze-elektroniki, kunye nezinto zokwakha zinokuchaphazeleka ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphakathi anokukhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri, nto leyo echaphazela ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, iiparameter zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezifana ne-photoelectric emitter, i-receiver, i-control circuit, kunye ne-sounder nazo zinokuhamba kancinci njengoko amaqondo obushushu etshintsha.

Kwi-alamu yomsi ye-photoelectric, izinto zangaphakathi ze-optical kunye nesekethe yokubona kufuneka zigcine isiseko esizinzileyo. Ukuba ubushushu be-ambient budlula kakhulu uluhlu oluchaziweyo lwemveliso, uzinzo lokufunyanwa kwesignali yomsi lunokuchaphazeleka. Iimveliso ezinembuyekezo yobushushu zinokunciphisa imiphumo yotshintsho lobushushu be-ambient ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, kodwa olu mbuyekezo alunamda.

Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ahlala ixesha elide anokukhawulezisa ukuguga kwendlu, izinto zokuvala, kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Ezinye izinto zinokuguquka, zibe buthathaka, okanye zilahlekelwe kukusebenza kakuhle kokuvala, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wokuba uthuli, izinambuzane, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zingene kwigumbi lokuva.

Ngoko ke, ii-alamu zomsi eziqhelekileyo zokuhlala akufuneki zifakwe ngqo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kobushushu, kumagumbi ebhoyila, kumagumbi ezixhobo, okanye kwezinye iindawo eziphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu obuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuba imveliso ichazwe ngokucacileyo njengefanelekileyo kwezo ndawo.

2. Kutheni Iindawo Ezinomswakama Ophezulu Zinokubangela Ii-Alarm Ezingeyonyani?

Imiphumo yokufuma okuphezulu kwiialamu zomsi inxulumene kakhulu nomphunga wamanzi, ukufuma, kunye nongcoliseko lwangaphakathi.

Ii-alamu zomsi ze-photoelectric zichonga ukuba umsi ukhona na ngokubona utshintsho kwindlela amasuntswana omsi asasaza ngayo ukukhanya. Xa umphunga wamanzi omninzi okanye amaconsi amancinci angena kwigumbi lokuva, anokusasaza nokukhanya. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, isixhobo sinokutolika umphunga wamanzi okanye amaconsi omoya njengombonakaliso ongaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho i-alamu engengomlilo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufuma okuphezulu akuthethi ukuba kukhokelele ngqo kwii-alamu zobuxoki. Isiphumo sokwenyani sikwaxhomekeke ekubeni ukufuma okuphezulu kuhlala ixesha elingakanani, ubushushu obuphakathi, ukuhamba komoya, nokuba iimeko zokufuma ziyafikelelwa na, kunye noyilo lwegumbi lokuva. Xa ubushushu bomoya busondela kwindawo yokubanda, umphunga wamanzi unokuba mkhulu ngaphakathi kwemveliso okanye kumphezulu wokufakelwa, nto leyo eyonyusa amathuba okuba ii-alamu zobuxoki.

Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumswakama ophezulu kunokwenza uthuli lunamathele ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokuva kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wokuba iindawo zesinyithi, iibhetri, kunye nebhodi yesekethe zibe manzi okanye zibole.

Ngoko ke, ii-alamu zomsi akufuneki zifakwe kwiindawo zokuhlambela, kwiindawo zokuhlamba, kufutshane neendawo zokukhupha umphunga, okanye kwiindawo apho ukufuma kwenzeka khona ixesha elide. Kwiindawo ezifana neekhitshi kunye neendawo zokuhlamba impahla, apho umphunga wamanzi kunye nomsi wokupheka uxhaphakileyo, uhlobo lwemveliso kunye nendawo yokufakela kufuneka kukhethwe ngokweemeko zokusingqongileyo.

3. Ngaba imeko-bume yobushushu obuphantsi iyayichaphazela indlela i-alamu esebenza ngayo?

Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokuchaphazela ukunikezelwa kwamandla ebhetri ye-alamu yomsi, imeko yokusebenza kwezixhobo zayo ze-elektroniki, kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto zayo.

Njengoko ubushushu buncipha, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwezinye iibhetri kunokwanda, nto leyo enciphisa amandla azo okukhupha ngokukhawuleza. Xa kusebenze isandi, isibane sestrobe, okanye umsebenzi wonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, i-alamu yomsi idla ngokufuna amandla angaphezulu kunakwimo yokulinda. Ukuba ibhetri indala okanye imveliso ihlala ixesha elide kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi ngaphandle koluhlu oluchaziweyo, izilumkiso zebhetri ephantsi zinokwenzeka ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuphuma kwesandi se-alamu kungazinzi, okanye imisebenzi yonxibelelwano inokusebenza ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi anokutshintsha iiparameter zokusebenza kwezinye izinto ze-elektroniki. Ukuba imveliso ayinayo imbuyekezo eyaneleyo yokusingqongileyo kwaye ayizange ivavanywe ngokwaneleyo ngamaqondo obushushu aphantsi, isiseko sayo sokufumanisa kunye nozinzo lokusebenza sinokuchaphazeleka.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba i-alamu yomsi ayizukuvakala xa ubushushu buhla. Kuthetha ukuba ukungaqiniseki kokusebenza kuyanda xa imeko-bume ingaphandle koluhlu oluchaziweyo lokusebenza kwemveliso.

Ukongeza, xa isixhobo sisuswa kwindawo ebandayo sisiya kwindawo efudumeleyo nefumileyo, ukufuma kungenziwa ngaphakathi kuso okanye phezu komphezulu waso. Olu dibaniso lobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kulula ukulibala kunobushushu obuphantsi rhoqo.

4. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu lufuna ingqalelo

Amaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokwenene awahlali engaguquki. Umahluko phakathi kwamaqondo obushushu asemini nasebusuku, utshintsho lwexesha lonyaka, imijikelo yomoya opholileyo, kunye nokutshintshana phakathi komoya oshushu nobandayo konke oku kunokubangela isilumkiso somsi kutshintsho oluphindaphindwayo lobushushu.

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu lunokubangela ukuba izinto zangaphakathi zande kwaye zinciphe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngelixa kwandisa umngcipheko wokufuma. Ii-alamu zomsi ezifakwe phantsi kophahla olungena-insulation, kufutshane neendonga zangaphandle, kufutshane nee-air-conditioner, okanye kwimida ephakathi kweendawo ezifudumeleyo nezibandayo zinokubangela ukuba ezi meko zichaphazeleke lula.

Ukuhamba komoya kunokutshintsha indlela umsi ofikelela ngayo kwi-alamu. Ukuba isixhobo sifakwe kufutshane nomthombo womoya onyanzeliswayo, umoya obuyayo, okanye ifeni, umsi ungancitshiswa, uvuthuzwe, okanye uqondiswe kwakhona ngumoya. Ke ngoko, xa kufakwa i-alamu yomsi, ubushushu kunye nokufuma azizo zodwa izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe; ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo kunye neemeko zokuhamba komoya nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

5. Kufuneka Kuqinisekiswe Njani Ukufaneleka Kwendalo Esingqongileyo?

Ukufaneleka kwe-alamu yomsi kwindawo engqongileyo akunakuvavanywa ngokucinezela iqhosha lokuvavanya kanye kubushushu begumbi. Iqhosha lokuvavanya lisetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga ukuba isekethe yokulawula, isandi, kunye nemisebenzi ethile isebenza ngokuchanekileyo na. Ayinakuthatha indawo ngokupheleleyo yovavanyo lokuphendula komsi okanye ukuqinisekiswa kokuthembeka kwendawo engqongileyo.

Impendulo yomsi: Ingaba impendulo ye-alamu yomsi ihlala izinzile ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa kokusingqongileyo;

Iimeko ezingenamsi: Nokuba kukho ii-alamu zobuxoki okanye imiqondiso yesilumkiso engapheliyo xa kungekho msi;

Isiphumo se-alamu: Ingaba inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi sesandi lihlala ngaphakathi kwenkcazelo yoyilo;

Ubonelelo lwamandla: Nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ebhetri kunye nombane okwimeko yokulinda kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo kwaye umsebenzi wesilumkiso sebhetri ephantsi usebenza ngokuchanekileyo;

Ukuhlolwa kolwakhiwo: Nokuba igumbi lokuva, indlu, ibhodi yesekethe, okanye uqhagamshelo lubonisa ukuguquka, ukugqwala, okanye ukufuma;

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Ukuba imisebenzi yokuzivavanya ngokwakho, ukuthula, ukunxibelelana, kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo na;

Amandla okubuyisela: Ingaba imveliso ingasebenza ngokuzinzileyo emva kokuba ibuyiselwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zendalo;

Ukuhambelana kweqela: Ingaba iziphumo zovavanyo zihlala zifana phakathi kweemveliso ezivela kwiqela elinye.

Amaqondo obushushu athile ovavanyo, amanqanaba okufuma, ubude bexesha, kunye nemigangatho yokwamkelwa kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kuluhlu loyilo lwemveliso, ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo, kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo. Iseti efanayo yeeparameter zovavanyo akufuneki isetyenziswe kuzo zonke ii-alamu zomsi.

6. Ukufakwa Nokugcinwa Okufanelekileyo Kubaluleke Ngakumbi

Ukuze kuncitshiswe imiphumo yezinto ezibangela imeko-bume, kufuneka kufakwe ii-alamu zomsi kwiindawo ezichazwe kwimiyalelo yemveliso kwaye, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zikhuselwe ekuchatshazelweni ixesha elide ngumphunga, ukufuma, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nokuhamba komoya okunamandla.

Iindawo ezifumileyo: Musa ukufaka ii-alamu zomsi eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlambela, kwiindawo zokuhlamba, okanye kufutshane neendawo zokukhupha umphunga.

Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo: Kuphephe ukufakwa kwiindawo ezingagqunywanga zi-insulation, kwiigaraji, okanye kwiindawo ezinokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu.

Ukuhamba komoya: Ziphephe iindawo ezikufutshane neendawo zokungenisa umoya opholileyo, iindawo zokungenisa umoya obuyayo, kunye neendawo ezinomoya ohamba ngamandla.

Ukuthintela: Musa ukupeyinta umphezulu we-alamu, uyigqume ngezinto zokuhombisa, okanye uvumele uthuli luqokelele kuyo.

Ukugcinwa rhoqo: Yenza uvavanyo olusebenzayo kwaye ucoce rhoqo ngokwemiyalelo yemveliso.

Ukuphendula kwii-alamu ezingalindelekanga: Ukuba kuvela i-alamu engalindelekanga, qinisekisa kuqala ukuba kukho umsi wokwenene okanye umthombo womlilo oqhumayo. Musa ukuphendula i-alamu engalindelekanga ngokususa ibhetri okanye ngokuyicima umbane ixesha elide.

7. Isiphelo

Iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, kunye nobushushu obuphantsi zonke zinokuchaphazela ii-alamu zomsi, kodwa iziphumo azifani. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokukhawulezisa ukuguga kweebhetri, izinto, kunye nezinto zokwakha; umswakama ophezulu kunye nokufuma kunokunyusa umngcipheko wee-alamu zobuxoki kunye nokugqwala kwangaphakathi; ubushushu obuphantsi bunokuchaphazela imveliso yebhetri kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki; kwaye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu lunokubangela ukuguquguquka kweeparameter kunye nokufuma.

Ukuthembeka kwe-alamu yomsi kubonakaliswa kungekuphela nje ngokukwazi kwayo ukukhalisa i-alamu kubushushu begumbi, kodwa nangokukwazi kwayo ukugcina imisebenzi yokubhaqwa ezinzileyo, i-alamu, kunye nokuvavanya ngokwakho emva kokusebenza ixesha elide ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo lwendalo. Ke ngoko, ubushushu, ukufuma, ukuhamba komoya, kunye nezinye izinto zendalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha loyilo lwemveliso, uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kokuthengwa, kunye nokufakelwa kokwenyani.